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During chewing, feed is mixed with saliva, which is secreted in copious amounts (Table 4). Horses may secrete 40-90 ml saliva per minute, ponies comparatively less (20-60 ml). The jaw movements, and the taste and the smell of feed stimulate salivary secretion. The structure of the feed will affect the amounts of saliva which are produced. Both the chewing time and salivary secretion are much greater when roughages are fed because of their much higher fibre content (Table 4). Salivary secretion whilst chewing different feeds:
The saliva of horses does not contain digestive enzymes, but provides minerals and a buffer (sodium bicarbonate) which neutralises acids produced during the fermentation of carbohydrates which may occur in the upper part of the stomach. Saliva is required for lubricating food before it is swallowed. When eating, balls of saliva and food of between 30 and 70 grams form, these are swallowed about every 30 seconds. The dry matter content of these balls varies with the type of feed and the chewing time. Typical values for concentrates are 40-50% and for roughage 20-30% (Meyer 1986). |









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Always try to use the total amounts of nutrients when you create a new feed or are changing the nutrient concentrations in a particular feed. Observe the information on the bag closely. You may find that the bag lists only what is added of a specific nutrient, instead of the total amount (in feed ingredients + added). For some nutrients over-supply may be a consequence.
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You should monitor the weight of your young growing horse carefully, and compare with the expected 
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In the Consultant version you can save horses, stables and feed lists on a drive that you
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Provide a better service to your clients! Send reports to your horse owners at regular intervals! PC-Horse allows you to 

If you have a young growing horse that is either too thin or too well-fed (fat), you can easily adjust the amounts of feed you have to give it through the
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